| Summary: | The possibility of administering insulin orally instead of through painful subcutaneous route has been investigated over years in the arena of diabetes medicine. Nanoparticles, microparticles, hydrogel, capsule, tablet and film patch are dosage forms designed to deliver insulin orally. They are largely formulated with polymeric adhesive, protease inhibitor, insulin aggregation inhibitor and functional excipients to induce transcellular, paracellular, Peyers patches or receptor mediated transport of insulin in gastrointestinal tract. This review probes into pre-clinical and clinical performances of patenting and new oral insulin delivery systems formulated from polysaccharides, such as chitosan and alginate, in the form of nanoparticles. Their effectiveness at pre-clinical and clinical stages will be highlighted to provide an updated insight on the efforts devoted by researchers and industrialists. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. All rights are reserved.
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