Is There a Risk of Suburban Transmission of Malaria in Selangor, Malaysia?

Background:The suburban transmission of malaria in Selangor, Malaysia's most developed and populous state still remains a concern for public health in this region. Despite much successful control efforts directed at its reduction, sporadic cases, mostly brought in by foreigners have continued t...

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Published in:PLoS ONE
Main Author: Braima K.A.; Sum J.-S.; Ghazali A.-R.M.; Muslimin M.; Jeffery J.; Lee W.-C.; Shaker M.R.; Elamin A.-E.M.; Jamaiah I.; Lau Y.-L.; Rohela M.; Kamarulzaman A.; Sitam F.; Mohd-Noh R.; Abdul-Aziz N.M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2013
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886024595&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0077924&partnerID=40&md5=6d7f17a6d80041e188f42352b6918ed5
id 2-s2.0-84886024595
spelling 2-s2.0-84886024595
Braima K.A.; Sum J.-S.; Ghazali A.-R.M.; Muslimin M.; Jeffery J.; Lee W.-C.; Shaker M.R.; Elamin A.-E.M.; Jamaiah I.; Lau Y.-L.; Rohela M.; Kamarulzaman A.; Sitam F.; Mohd-Noh R.; Abdul-Aziz N.M.
Is There a Risk of Suburban Transmission of Malaria in Selangor, Malaysia?
2013
PLoS ONE
8
10
10.1371/journal.pone.0077924
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886024595&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0077924&partnerID=40&md5=6d7f17a6d80041e188f42352b6918ed5
Background:The suburban transmission of malaria in Selangor, Malaysia's most developed and populous state still remains a concern for public health in this region. Despite much successful control efforts directed at its reduction, sporadic cases, mostly brought in by foreigners have continued to occur. In addition, cases of simian malaria caused by Plasmodium knowlesi, some with fatal outcome have caused grave concern to health workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of local malaria transmission in suburban regions of Selangor, which are adjacent to secondary rainforests.Findings:A malaria survey spanning 7 years (2006 - 2012) was conducted in Selangor. A total of 1623 laboratory confirmed malaria cases were reported from Selangor's nine districts. While 72.6% of these cases (1178/1623) were attributed to imported malaria (cases originating from other countries), 25.5% (414/1623) were local cases and 1.9% (31/1623) were considered as relapse and unclassified cases combined. In this study, the most prevalent infection was P. vivax (1239 cases, prevalence 76.3%) followed by P. falciparum (211, 13.0%), P. knowlesi (75, 4.6%), P. malariae (71, 4.4%) and P. ovale (1, 0.06%). Mixed infections comprising of P. vivax and P. falciparum were confirmed (26, 1.6%). Entomological surveys targeting the residences of malaria patients' showed that the most commonly trapped Anopheles species was An. maculatus. No oocysts or sporozoites were found in the An. maculatus collected. Nevertheless, the possibility of An. maculatus being the malaria vector in the investigated locations was high due to its persistent occurrence in these areas.Conclusions:Malaria cases reported in this study were mostly imported cases. However the co-existence of local cases and potential Plasmodium spp. vectors should be cause for concern. The results of this survey reflect the need of maintaining closely monitored malaria control programs and continuous extensive malaria surveillance in Peninsula Malaysia. © 2013 Braima et al.

19326203
English
Article
All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
author Braima K.A.; Sum J.-S.; Ghazali A.-R.M.; Muslimin M.; Jeffery J.; Lee W.-C.; Shaker M.R.; Elamin A.-E.M.; Jamaiah I.; Lau Y.-L.; Rohela M.; Kamarulzaman A.; Sitam F.; Mohd-Noh R.; Abdul-Aziz N.M.
spellingShingle Braima K.A.; Sum J.-S.; Ghazali A.-R.M.; Muslimin M.; Jeffery J.; Lee W.-C.; Shaker M.R.; Elamin A.-E.M.; Jamaiah I.; Lau Y.-L.; Rohela M.; Kamarulzaman A.; Sitam F.; Mohd-Noh R.; Abdul-Aziz N.M.
Is There a Risk of Suburban Transmission of Malaria in Selangor, Malaysia?
author_facet Braima K.A.; Sum J.-S.; Ghazali A.-R.M.; Muslimin M.; Jeffery J.; Lee W.-C.; Shaker M.R.; Elamin A.-E.M.; Jamaiah I.; Lau Y.-L.; Rohela M.; Kamarulzaman A.; Sitam F.; Mohd-Noh R.; Abdul-Aziz N.M.
author_sort Braima K.A.; Sum J.-S.; Ghazali A.-R.M.; Muslimin M.; Jeffery J.; Lee W.-C.; Shaker M.R.; Elamin A.-E.M.; Jamaiah I.; Lau Y.-L.; Rohela M.; Kamarulzaman A.; Sitam F.; Mohd-Noh R.; Abdul-Aziz N.M.
title Is There a Risk of Suburban Transmission of Malaria in Selangor, Malaysia?
title_short Is There a Risk of Suburban Transmission of Malaria in Selangor, Malaysia?
title_full Is There a Risk of Suburban Transmission of Malaria in Selangor, Malaysia?
title_fullStr Is There a Risk of Suburban Transmission of Malaria in Selangor, Malaysia?
title_full_unstemmed Is There a Risk of Suburban Transmission of Malaria in Selangor, Malaysia?
title_sort Is There a Risk of Suburban Transmission of Malaria in Selangor, Malaysia?
publishDate 2013
container_title PLoS ONE
container_volume 8
container_issue 10
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0077924
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886024595&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0077924&partnerID=40&md5=6d7f17a6d80041e188f42352b6918ed5
description Background:The suburban transmission of malaria in Selangor, Malaysia's most developed and populous state still remains a concern for public health in this region. Despite much successful control efforts directed at its reduction, sporadic cases, mostly brought in by foreigners have continued to occur. In addition, cases of simian malaria caused by Plasmodium knowlesi, some with fatal outcome have caused grave concern to health workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of local malaria transmission in suburban regions of Selangor, which are adjacent to secondary rainforests.Findings:A malaria survey spanning 7 years (2006 - 2012) was conducted in Selangor. A total of 1623 laboratory confirmed malaria cases were reported from Selangor's nine districts. While 72.6% of these cases (1178/1623) were attributed to imported malaria (cases originating from other countries), 25.5% (414/1623) were local cases and 1.9% (31/1623) were considered as relapse and unclassified cases combined. In this study, the most prevalent infection was P. vivax (1239 cases, prevalence 76.3%) followed by P. falciparum (211, 13.0%), P. knowlesi (75, 4.6%), P. malariae (71, 4.4%) and P. ovale (1, 0.06%). Mixed infections comprising of P. vivax and P. falciparum were confirmed (26, 1.6%). Entomological surveys targeting the residences of malaria patients' showed that the most commonly trapped Anopheles species was An. maculatus. No oocysts or sporozoites were found in the An. maculatus collected. Nevertheless, the possibility of An. maculatus being the malaria vector in the investigated locations was high due to its persistent occurrence in these areas.Conclusions:Malaria cases reported in this study were mostly imported cases. However the co-existence of local cases and potential Plasmodium spp. vectors should be cause for concern. The results of this survey reflect the need of maintaining closely monitored malaria control programs and continuous extensive malaria surveillance in Peninsula Malaysia. © 2013 Braima et al.
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language English
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