Uthman
Uthman ibn Affan (; 17 June 656) was the third caliph, ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656. Uthman, a second cousin, son-in-law, and notable companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, played a major role in early Islamic history. During his reign as caliph, he was known for ordering the official compilation of the standardized version of the Quran that is still being used today.Before his predecessor, Caliph Umar (), died in office, he appointed a committee of trustees to elect a successor. Uthman, who was then aged 68–71 years, was elected to succeed him and became the oldest person to hold such a high position. During his premiership, the Caliphate expanded further into Persia in 650 and reached as far as the provinces of Khorasan in 651. Uthman instituted centralized reforms in order to create a more cohesive administrative structure and fostered rapid economic growth.
However, the last years of his reign were marked by discontent that eventually evolved into an armed revolt, leading to a siege upon his residence and ultimately culminating in his assassination. Sunni Muslim tradition considers him the third rightly-guided caliph. Provided by Wikipedia
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67by Othman H.; Hashim H.; Razmi M.A.Y.; Manan J.-L.A.Get full text
Published in ICCAIE 2010 - 2010 International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (2010)
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70by Bhatti M.A.; Battour M.M.; Sundram V.P.K.; Othman A.A.Get full text
Published in European Journal of Training and Development (2013)
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80by Zainal Abidin S.; Othman A.; Shamsuddin Z.; Samsudin Z.; Hassan H.; Wan Mohamed W.A.Get full text
Published in Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering (2016)
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